The four, Jacques Grosset, Sanjay Jain, Gyanu Lamichhane and Eric Nuermberger, are among 36 revolutionaries, or, “36 reasons for hope,” among them scientists, doctors, artists, engineers and a free-speech advocate.

At the Hopkins Center for TB Research, Grosset, Jain, Lamichhane and Nuermberger are working to develop new treatments for TB and improve existing ones.

Grosset, 78, received his medical degree from the University of Paris. After contracting the disease at the age of 24, Grosset decided to study the deadly bacterium and devoted much of his subsequent work to testing and finding new treatments. He worked in his native France almost his entire career as well as in Algiers, a former French colony. Grosset’s work has illuminated much of what is known about TB drug therapy today. He joined Hopkins in 2002.

Jain, 32, a pediatrician and infectious disease specialist at Hopkins Children’s, went to medical school in New Delhi, India, a country where TB is endemic. Jain completed his pediatric residency at Floating Hospital for Children in Boston and his fellowship in pediatric infectious diseases at Hopkins. Jain leads a project to design a system that visually tracks the TB bacterium in the body and monitors its response to drug treatments. Jain also studies central nervous system TB, which disproportionately affects younger children.

Lamichhane, 32, a microbiologist, received his Ph.D. from Hopkins and was a visiting fellow at the University of Toronto. He currently studies the genetic underpinnings of TB, and together with his colleague William Bishai, M.D., Ph. D., has identified several genes involved in TB that may serve as new targets for drug therapy.

Nuermberger, 37, an infectious disease specialist who also has an appointment in International Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, trained at Vanderbilt University. He completed his residency and fellowship in Infectious Diseases at Hopkins. Nuermberger works with mice and other models to develop new, shorter drug regimens.